Why are lithium batteries not allowed on planes?

Lithium batteries are allowed on planes, but there are certain restrictions and safety regulations in place due to the potential fire hazards associated with these batteries. The primary concern is the risk of thermal runaway, which is a self-sustaining reaction that can lead to a fire or explosion.

The high energy density of lithium batteries makes them susceptible to short-circuiting, overheating, or physical damage, which can initiate a thermal runaway event. In rare cases, this can result in a fire that is difficult to extinguish and poses a significant risk to the safety of passengers and crew.

To mitigate these risks, various regulations and guidelines have been established by aviation authorities, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). These regulations include:

1. Restrictions on quantity: Passengers are generally allowed to carry lithium batteries for personal use in their carry-on luggage, but restrictions are placed on the quantity and capacity of batteries. Spare lithium batteries are typically prohibited in checked baggage due to the difficulty of detecting and responding to a fire in the cargo hold.

2. Watt-hour rating limits: Lithium batteries are categorized based on their watt-hour (Wh) rating, which is a measure of their energy content. Passengers are typically allowed to carry batteries with a watt-hour rating up to a specified limit (e.g., 100 Wh) without special approval. Batteries with a higher watt-hour rating may require approval from the airline or may be prohibited altogether.

3. Installation restrictions: Some devices powered by lithium batteries, such as hoverboards or electric bicycles, are not allowed on planes at all due to the higher risk associated with their larger battery packs. These devices are generally not approved for air transportation, whether in carry-on or checked baggage.

4. Proper packaging: Lithium batteries must be properly packaged and protected to prevent short circuits and damage. This includes placing individual batteries in protective cases or covering the battery terminals with tape to prevent accidental contact.

It's important to note that specific regulations may vary depending on the airline, country, or type of aircraft. It's advisable to check with the airline or consult the relevant regulations before traveling with lithium batteries to ensure compliance with the rules and ensure a safe journey for everyone on board.