What is the difference between lithium cell and lithium-ion cell?

The terms "lithium cell" and "lithium-ion cell" are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to different types of batteries with some key distinctions. Here's an explanation of the differences between the two:

Lithium Cell: A "lithium cell" is a more general term that encompasses a broader category of batteries that use lithium as the active material in their electrode. It is an older and less common type of battery compared to lithium-ion batteries. Lithium cells are non-rechargeable (primary cells) and are commonly found in disposable batteries like lithium metal batteries, lithium thionyl chloride batteries, and lithium manganese dioxide batteries. Once their energy is depleted, they cannot be recharged and must be replaced.

Lithium-Ion Cell: A "lithium-ion cell" is a specific type of rechargeable lithium battery. Unlike lithium cells, lithium-ion cells can be recharged and used multiple times, making them more environmentally friendly and cost-effective in the long run. They are commonly used in a wide range of portable electronic devices, such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, power tools, and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries utilize lithium ions that move from the positive electrode (cathode) to the negative electrode (anode) during discharge, and the reverse process occurs during charging.

Key Differences:

Lithium cells are non-rechargeable and disposable, while lithium-ion cells are rechargeable and can be used repeatedly.

Lithium cells are less commonly used and have a limited range of applications, mostly in specific industrial and military devices.

Lithium-ion cells have a higher energy density and voltage compared to most lithium cells, making them more suitable for consumer electronics and electric vehicles.

Lithium-ion cells have a longer lifespan due to their rechargeable nature, whereas lithium cells have a single-use lifespan.

In summary, "lithium cell" is a general term for batteries that use lithium as the active material and are often non-rechargeable, while "lithium-ion cell" specifically refers to rechargeable lithium batteries commonly used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.